Dec 17, 2014 the routledge handbook of the arab spring seeks to provide a departure point for ongoing discussion of a fluid phenomenon on a plethora of topics, including. This is said to be the flash point for the popular uprising in tunisia, the jasmine revolution which quickly spilled over to egypt, algeria, libya, morocco, and later on to syria and yemen p. Arab spring, revolution, democratization, theory of resistance, rebellion, terrorism. Democratization theory and the arab spring, journal of democracy 24 2. The middle east, democratization, and the arab spring. Therefore, cases from the arab revolutions and dtps in. One year after amine ghali, ibrahim hegazy, salam kawakibi, eberhard kienle, elham manea, samir saadawi, tobias schumacher, jan volkel the arab spring. This article uses two comparative indices to examine if the arab spring has led to democracy in the arab world.
The routledge handbook of the arab spring seeks to provide a. The arab spring 201 3 serves as the l atest literature about d emocratization and the arab sp ring. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Prospects for democracy, the four pioneering volumes edited by guillermo odonnell, philippe c. To investigate the role of interelite trust, we develop a theoreticalanalytical framework, drawing on arab spring literature, transition theory, scholarship on democratic consolidation, and. More than fifteen years have passed since the 1996 publication of our own problems of.
Democratization theory and the arab spring journal of democracy. Press, 1999 and jillian schwedler, faith in moderation. Drawing upon the method of comparative historical sociology used in seminal analyses of democratization and dictatorship in europe, asia and the. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Arab spring libya 360 libya after moammar gaddafi the washington post. It was not long before the arab spring quickly faded into what may now be a long winter. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Democratization theory and the arab spring alfred stepan and juan j. Democracy in the middle east and north africa wikipedia. In islam and democracy after the arab spring, john l. Events of the arab spring such as the tunisian revolution may indicate a move towards democracy in some countries which may not be fully captured in the democracy index.
Other countries most noticeably, syria and recently egypt as well are still in the midst of a violent process, and the ultimate outcome remains uncertain. I present a highly stylized model of the arab spring to better understand these di erences. Libya, tunisia and the arab spring jason william boose international journal of social science and humanity, vol. While the arab uprisings of 20102011 have provided some doubt. Special attention is paid to the question of whether the arab spring falls into the framework of huntingtons theory, or whether it can be classified as a new fourth wave of democratization in countries that have unfavorable environments for democracy. This may entail inculcation of ideas, values, and practices so that society and relationships are based on ideas of justice and equity. Request pdf democratization theory and the arab spring more than twenty five years have passed since the publication of transitions from authoritarian. Rethinking democratization routledge handbooks pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you. Huntington defined three waves of democratization that have taken place in history. The study of democratization and the arab spring in.
The arab uprisings and international relations theory. Prospects for the middle east democratization and the. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings. The success of democratization in post arab spring societies. The eight articles in this symposium comprise a small. This article intervenes into an ongoing debate on authoritarian regimes in the arab world following the uprisings of 2011, in particular addressing the perceived failure of those uprisings to bring about transition to liberal democratic models. While perhaps no country can claim to be a perfect democracy, it is only the middle east that has stood out for being a vast area that is quite simply authoritarian even to this day. Professor stepan began his professional life as a special foreign correspondent for the economist. The political economics of the arab spring roland hodler november 2012 abstract the arab spring has led to very di erent outcomes across the arab world. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. International journal of social sciences, iii1, 2014. Included are the results of a bibliometric study that compared the frequency in which various descriptors appeared in major englishlanguage news sources.
The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. He served as the gladstone professor of government at all souls college, oxford. Europe in dialogue europeans can be proud as they look back on fifty years of peaceful integration. To develop an original approach to understanding arab democratization and analyze its complex dynamics, i used. A specialist on democratization, civilmilitary relations, federalism, and religion in politics, he has traveled repeatedly to egypt and tunisia since the arab spring. Arab spring provoked, particularly the role of the media new and otherwise in empowering and even causing the uprisings. Islamists and the arab spring journal of democracy. While fully recognizing the immense challenges that lie ahead, it argues convincingly for a policy of sustained yet prudent support for the process of democratic transformation that is now. It is a prodemocracy demonstration which has been sweeping through middle east and north african since 2010. Pdf the arab spring and theories of democratization. In this article, we first reexamine the relationship between democracy and the twin tolerations in the worlds muslimmajority countries that are democraciesindonesia, turkey, senegal and tunisia, as well as in muslimminority india. Pdf is the arab spring in the third wave of democratization.
Social movements and democratization from below, like the dtps sprung out of the arabian spring, cannot be explained entirely by old mainstream theories such as topdown economic and social perspectives. Huntington, a political scientist at harvard university in his article published in the journal of democracy and further expounded in his 1991 book the third wave. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. Understanding the arc of events surrounding this period is. In this article, we first reexamine the relationship between democracy and the twin tolerations in the worlds muslimmajority countries that are democraciesindonesia, turkey, senegal and. Democratization in a broad sense is a continuous process of sensitization and practice of given, rationalized, normative conditions to regulate relations among the state, society, and individuals. In light of the arab spring, how should students of democratic transition rethink the relation between religion and democracy. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning. In political science, a wave of democracy refers to a major surge of democracy in history. The selfimmolation of mohammed bouazizi in tunisia in december 2010 heralded the arrival of the arab spring, a startling, yet not unprecedented, era of profound social and political upheaval.
The measure of the level of democracy in nations throughout the world published by freedom house and various other freedom indices, the middle eastern and north african countries with the highest scores are israel. Schmitter, and laurence whitehead that inaugurated thirdwave democratization theory. The meme of the arab spring is characterised by bottomup change, or the lack thereof, and its effects are still unfurling today. But is the arab spring really a ray of hope for democratization. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment.
More than twentyfive years have passed since the publication of transitions from authoritarian rule. Abstract full text references pdf 127 kb permissions. The landscape of the middle east has changed dramatically since 2011, as have the political arena and the discourse around democracy. I argue that feminist theory like gendered agency, has not been given enough. Arab spring and democratization challenges the unchecked assumption that the seizure of leadership by islamists in egypt and t unisia is part of the democratisation of the mena, providing a new. Introduction the arab spring also known as the arab uprising is a revolutionary wave of protests that started in 2011 and spread throughout the arab world. Interest in democratization is due in part to the association between democracy and many important positive outcomes, including respect for human rights, economic prosperity, and security. When taking a more distant perspective on the events subsumed under the label of arab spring, one is amazed by its transnational dynamic. Massachusetts institute of technology press for an in depth analysis of civil society. Democratization theory and the arab spring journal of. The routledge handbook of the arab spring seeks to provide a departure point for ongoing discussion of a fluid phenomenon on a plethora of topics, including. The delay in this prophecy for two decades motivates us to question whether the arab spring is part of huntingtons third wave of democratization or a new fourth wave of democratization, or even a false start to democracy, as described by larry diamond 2011.
Democratization theory and the arab spring request pdf. In some countries, it emerges that there has been no significant change in the level of democracy. The arab spring has shown that there is an excessive and extensive need and demand for the rule of democracy as well as exercise of civil rights from within all the countries that have been included within the arab spring phenomenon and thus we see revolutions surfacing in all major regions like tunisia, libya, egypt. Democratic transition and the arab spring lund university. Although the arab spring quickly reached egypt after the uprising in tunsia, their outcomes varies highly. What does the arab spring imply for democratization theory. Explaining the limits of postuprising democratisation guest editor.
Understanding the arc of events surrounding this period is important both for theory and for policy. Aljazeeras democratizing role and the rise of arab. The study of democratization and the arab spring general guide. Arab ir scholars in may 2015 to discuss connections between ir theory and the middle east in the new era of arab uprisings. Seva gunitsky has referred to waves from the 18th century to the arab spring 20112012. In this article, they dwell in to the new perspective that is needed. The arab uprising might be one of the best examples for the fact that neither democratization nor conflict respects state boarders cederman, wenger and hug 2008, p. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Although the term appears at least as early as 1887, it was popularized by samuel p. Pdf on may 11, 2015, mohd irwan syazli saidin and others published the arab spring and theories of democratization find, read and. Linz alfred stepan is wallace sayre professor of government and found ing director of the center for the study of democracy, toleration, and. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period.
The term arab spring, connotes a just rebellion that led to toppling dictators and authoritarian rulers, yet in the sharia state, bassam tibi challenges the unchecked assumption that the seizure of leadership by islamists is a part of the democratization of the middle east. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. The delay in this prophecy for two decades motivates us to question whether the arab spring is part of huntingtons third wave of democratization or a new fourth wave of democratization, or even a. Arab spring, political status quo, demonstration, relative deprivation. Therefore, cases from the arab revolutions and dtps in the menaregion1, stresses the importance. Contexts and contests of democratisation the sweep of the arab spring egypt women and the arab spring agents of change and the technology of protest impact of the arab spring in the wider. This diverse group of scholars addressed a wide array of issues raised by reconceptualizing the arab uprisings in terms of ir.
This paper proposes and illustrates a framework for analysis of the recent events in middle eastern and north african countries the socalled arab spring by bringing into dialogue recent theoretical advances in democratization theory with the comparativehistorical literature on the political development of the mena region. Democratization, the process through which a political regime becomes democratic. The study of democratization and the arab spring, middle. The first one brought democracy to western europe and northern america in the 19th century. If youre looking for a free download links of routledge handbook of the arab spring. In 2015, tunisia became the first arab country classified as free since the beginning of lebanons civil war 40 years ago. Scholars have for decades devoted volumes looking into what has been quite a perplexing phenomenon. Apr 01, 2012 when taking a more distant perspective on the events subsumed under the label of arab spring, one is amazed by its transnational dynamic. Sep 03, 2017 democratization in a broad sense is a continuous process of sensitization and practice of given, rationalized, normative conditions to regulate relations among the state, society, and individuals.
The study of democratization and the arab spring the study of democratization and the arab spring ahmed, amel. Oct 16, 20 while perhaps no country can claim to be a perfect democracy, it is only the middle east that has stood out for being a vast area that is quite simply authoritarian even to this day. International journal of social sciences, iii1, 2014 the. Explaining the limits of postuprising democratisation guest. One year after transformation dynamics, prospects for democratization and the future of arabeuropean cooperation europe in dialogue2012 02.
In this context, arab democratization is no longer an abstract. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Democratization in the arab world is both a valuable contribution to the literature on transition and an essential guide for understanding the arab spring. Democratic transition in the middle east and north. Apr 10, 2014 this paper proposes and illustrates a framework for analysis of the recent events in middle eastern and north african countries the socalled arab spring by bringing into dialogue recent theoretical advances in democratization theory with the comparativehistorical literature on the political development of the mena region. Authoritarian persistence, democratization theory and the middle east.
In this model, dictators from the ethnic or religious majority group. All journal articles featured in democratization vol 22 issue 2. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Request pdf democratization theory and the arab spring more than twentyfive years have passed since the publication of transitions from authoritarian. Project muse democratization theory and the arab spring. Linz alfred stepan is wallace sayre professor of government and found ing director of. Prospects for the middle east democratization and the arab. Authoritarianism and democratization in the arab world. Apr 10, 2014 the study of democratization and the arab spring the study of democratization and the arab spring ahmed, amel. Arab spring has been regarded as an arab phenomenon from the outset, explanations that are given of the arab spring have been ad hoc and are not representative of the entire arab world. Arab spring, tunisia, democratization, middle east and north africa. Pdf on may 11, 2015, mohd irwan syazli saidin and others published the arab spring and theories of democratization find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Esposito, john voll, and tamara sonn examine the state of democracy in muslimmajority societies today. Has the arab spring brought about real democratization in the arab world.
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